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法律英语翻译中的省略与重复

Date:2009-3-24


1、省略
 
翻译中的省略，是指原文里有些词或其他成分无须译出来，这或是因为被省略的词语其意义在译文中已有体现，又或是因为硬译出来反而使译文显得累赘、生涩，违背汉语的表达习惯。英语句子里的各种词类和成分，翻译时可以省略的，除了前面与人称代词和物主代词有关的代词省略外，还有其他从语法和修辞角度上看应该省略的词和词组，如：
(1) Consultant will deliver to Client all Confidential Information and all copies thereof when Client requests the same or immediately upon termination of This Agreement, whichever occurs earlier, except for one copy thereof that Consultant may retain for its records.
客户要求时，或本协议终止时（以两种情况中先发生的为准），顾问将向客户提交所有机密信息及所有副本，但顾问可以存档的一份副本除外。
 
在法律英语中，为使表达更加精确，thereof和hereof一类的词用得很多，但从具体汉语句子的上下文看，有不少是可以而且应该省略的，上面这个句子里的两处thereof就是常见的例子。
 
(2) The Purchaser further undertakes and agrees to procure and ensure that the independent auditors of the Purchaser and any agent, employee or independent contractor of the Purchaser abide by this Clause
买方进一步承诺和同意确保买方的独立审计师和任何代理人、雇员或独立承包人遵守本条规定。
 
Procure（保证）和ensure（确保）基本上是同一个意思，种类舍弃了“保证”，只译出意思更强的“确保”。原文中最后一个Purchaser按汉语表达方式可以省略，故而仅译出一个“买方”。
 
(3) The formation of this Contract, its validity, interpretation, execution and settlement of disputes in connection herewith shall be governed by the laws of the People’s Republic of China (“PRC”), but in the event that there is no published and publicly available law in the PRC governing a particular matter relating to this Contract, reference shall be made to general international commercial practices.
本合同的订立、效力、解释、执行及合同争议的解决，均受中华人民共和国（“中国”）法律管辖。中国颁布的法律对本合同相关的某一事项未作规定的，参照国际商业惯例。
 
法律一经颁布，当然就是公布于众，不需要再在译文中添加“可为公众获得的”（publicly available）的赘语。
 
2、重复
 
重复是相对于原文中的省略而言的，实际上也可以看做是一种增词，只不过是增加同一词而已。翻译中之所以需要重复，是由于英语和汉语两种语言的句法和修辞各有不同而引起的。换言之，英语句子里有些省略的词或词组，按汉语的表达方式却必须予以再现的，就应当在译文中加以重复。目的只有一个，那就是使译文符合汉语的表达习惯。
(1) After Completion, the Vendor shall not in any way hold itself out or permit itself to be held out as being interested in, or in any way connected with, the Company.
交易完成后，卖方不得自称，也不得允许他人宣称卖方在公司中拥有权益或与公司有任何关联。
(2) If the Vendor shall fail or refuse to transfer any Shares pursuant to the provisions of this Clause X to the Purchaser, the Company Secretary or any other person appointed by the Board shall be deemed to have been irrevocably authorized by the Vendor, with full power to execute, complete and deliver, in the name and on behalf of the Vendor, transfers of the Shares to the Purchaser, against payment of the purchase price therefor to the Company.
如果卖方未根据本条规定向或拒绝向买方转让任何股份，公司秘书或董事会委派的任何其他人应被视为经卖方不可撤销的授权，有全权在买方向公司支付购买价款后，以卖方的名义并代表卖方签署、完成并向购买人交付股份转让证。
(3) Party A has full legal right, power and authority to execute and deliver this Contract and all of the agreements and documents referred to in this Contract to which Party A is a party and to observe and perform its obligations hereunder and thereunder.
甲方在法律上有充分的权利、权力和权限签署和交付本合同及本合同中的该方为一方的所有协议和文件，遵守并履行本合同及该等协议和文件规定的义务。
    Hereunder和thereunder中的here和there，必须还原成“本合同”和“该等协议和文件”，即把这几个词重复译出。
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